My Invisible Gay Culture Essay -- First Person Narrative Examples

 Dissimilar to an African American in view of their skin shading, or an Asian on account of their particular highlights, or even an Australian due to their emphasize, my way of life is imperceptible. At the point when I stroll into a room my way of life isn't, from my appearance, evident to other people. The vernacular of my way of life isn't orally unmistakable. For most of my life, up to this point, my own family was uninformed of who I am and what I accept my way of life to be. However, as clandestine as this may appear, I despite everything share my way of life with a huge number of undetectable others. We participate in long periods of festivity, snapshots of dread, the disdain of a country, however the adoration for a network. We are men, ladies, liberal, traditionalist, Hispanic, Jewish, dark, skeptic, Christian, republican, democrat, professional life, and master decision. We live in each area, in each city, of each nation all around the globe. I myself am white, female and En glish (with some German pizazz that I get from my stepfather). I have values, dreams, feelings, and dissatisfactions all my own, as does every individual inside this culture. The main shared factor shared between everybody in my way of life is that we are for the most part GAY.  My secondary school was recently fabricated school and had each modem extra accessible. The school had an assembly room sufficiently huge to front a Broadway play and a pool stupendous enough for the mid year Olympics. What it needed was assorted variety. My graduating class of 1988 had one African American and one Asian. That is it. No Hispanics or Native Americans. Be that as it may, my sophomore year I found that inside the dividers of our school existed a few imperceptible others.  Our school had a news group that researched stories and afterward carried them to the understudy body each week. One evening while I was viewing ... ...redity, pre-birth advancement, youth encounters, and social universes in differing blends. It isn't what recognizes me, yet it is a cover of comprehension of who I am.  When asked by a kindred understudy what my way of life was I said that I would expound on my gay culture. They reacted with a desirous, Amazing, You're fortunate. You'll have a great deal to expound on. Am I fortunate? I had the option to expound on abuse, outcast, detainment and murder. I had the option to draw from my own understanding of dread, mistreatment and vulnerability. Be that as it may, this is all history, the past. Gay and Lesbian individuals previously requested the option to be disregarded, and afterward more as of late, the option to be notwithstanding, their adoration and connections acknowledged and approved. This is the future and what I battle for day by day as I carry on with my existence with certainty and pride. So truly, that individual was correct. I am fortunate.

Introduction to the Finance Company Project

Prologue to the Finance Company Project Your group is required to examine the future business and monetary possibilities of a significant, traded on an open market organization utilizing budgetary ideas and methods just as the ideas and strategies from different business territories. Ensure any announcements you make in your investigation are steady with the information base of account. Likewise please incorporate your computations (counting spreadsheets), information sources (be explicit, including date and page number(s)), and suspicions (clarify your method of reasoning) in the reference sections. While your investigation ought to be designed for fund, no one, obviously, can settle on business choices utilizing exclusively account strategies and ideas, so where material, consolidate procedures and examination from different business fields. Coming up next is a rundown of the base prerequisites for your undertaking. Extra credit will be given for inventiveness and examination past the base necessity. In the event that you have any inquiries, please email them to your educator. (1) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Give a one (1) page official outline which sums up your discoveries and gives a proposal whether to purchase or not to purchase the stock and the obligation protections of the organization (two separate choices). (2) COMPANY INTRODUCTION: Provide a one page (1) prologue to your organization including: organization history, procedure, fundamental items and administrations, essential markets and clients, significant contenders, industry diagram, and other important data. (3) FINANCIAL ANALYSIS: Conduct a two-year money related investigation of your organization utilizing monetary proportions. Incorporate a Du Pont investigation. You can allude to your Essentials of Business I Corporate Annual Report venture for the fitting proportions. ) Comment on the money related soundness of the organization. If it's not too much trouble see proportion patterns and contrast with industry normal. (4) WEIGHTED AVERAGE COST OF CAPTIAL (WACC): Estimate the parts of the expense of capital for your organ ization utilizing market information. a) For the expense of basic stock, break down utilizing the profit development model and CAPM. To decide Beta, first utilize distributed sources. Next, compute your own beta gauge utilizing relapse investigation with 52 weeks of every day information. See the textbook’s site to download the relapse toolbox from Chapter 6. On the off chance that the distributed assessments and the consequences of your relapse examination vary, legitimize your last decision of Beta for the WACC judgments. b) Calculate the expense of favored stock c) Calculate the expense of obligation. Review that you don't utilize the coupon rate, however rather utilize the YTM for each security issue. d) Determine the fitting loads for every one of the classifications utilizing market esteems. e) Calculate the company’s WACC. f) In your assessment, has the organization limited its WACC? What might it be able to in an unexpected way? Review that more obligation builds the danger of insolvency and greater value implies the buoyancy expenses of giving stock. g) Provide reasons why or why not the current WACC is fitting for later use by the organization. If not, clarify which WACC ought to be utilized for future business choices. (5) FUTURE CASH FLOWS: Prepare a three (3) year figure of assessed future incomes for you organization and give substantial monetary/business purposes behind your projections. This implies you will have an announcement of steady incomes. One year later, build up a future market estimation of value and an expected future cost for each offer for the company’s normal stock. Compose a 1 page investigation, which fuses promoting, bookkeeping, deals, creation, the executives, innovation, and so forth data into your assessments of future incomes. If it's not too much trouble refer to 2-3 media hotspots for this investigation. a) Perform a consider the possibility that examination for your incomes utilizing at any rate one of the accompanying: affectability investigation, situation examination, or recreation investigation. Likewise, give a composed summation of your consider the possibility that investigation. ) Collect and assess data on swelling gauges and join those appraisals, as you see fit, into your income gauges. c) Comment on how future incomes perhaps be influenced by data contained in the commentaries to the budget summaries. Commentaries are frequently more fascinating than the remainder of the budget repo rts and give significant data. d) Do a short investigation of your rivals, the possibilities of their future incomes, and how that influences your organization's incomes. e) Conduct a â€Å"post-audit† of (at least one) of your organization's major past ventures and ncorporate this subjectively into your evaluations of future incomes. (6) HISTORICAL STOCK PRICE: Review quickly the chronicled presentation of the organization's stock cost. Clarify if this influenced your examination. (7) SECURITY ANALYST’S REPORTS: Evaluate what protections experts are stating about your organization, and clarify in the event that you concur or differ with their suggestions. What is the assumption for your stock: are there a ton of purchase suggestions or are there a great deal of hold/sell proposals? (8) DIVIDEND and CAPITAL STRUCTURE: ) Analyze the present profit approach of your organization. In the event that it doesn't deliver a profit, would it be a good idea for it to? b) Analyze the objective capital structure of your organization including bank credits, leases, and other money related protections gave notwithstanding favored stock, normal stock, and obligation. For what reason do you think it keeps up the capital structure it does? Do you think it is an ideal capital structure? If not, what might be? Legitimize your answer. c) Does your organization have a considerable level of educational asymmetry (resources which are difficult for pariahs to esteem)? Do you think this influences the capital structure of your organization? (9) CORPORATE GOVERNANCE: Comment on the corporate administration of your organization. Is the executives working admirably? Does the board hold partakes in the organization? What is their level of value possession? What amount of stock do organizations own? Do you think these elements influence your organization's presentation? (10) MERGER and INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY: Describe and assess the merger and procurement procedure and the worldwide extension technique for your organization.

Why Returning to Chambana Is Amazing...

Why Returning to Chambana Is Amazing... Going home for break is extremely exciting. After focusing on academics for four months straight, it’s nice to wind down and drink some hot cocoa while watching Christmas movies and snuggling with your siblings on the couch. Mom’s home-cooked meals are delicious and seeing old friends is refreshing as well. However, going back to Champaign-Urbana (or more commonly referred to as “Chambana” by most students) can be an exciting thought. Here are a few reasons why returning to Chambana is amazing: 1. Being around my friends! It can be hard to meet up with friends from home over break. People have different plans. Peoples families have different plans. Saying, “Let’s grab food!” doesn’t always end up happening. However, when you’re at school, it’s much easier to find people who can relate to your schedule (not to mention, it’s extremely convenient to live within five miles of each other). 2. Roomies! Distance makes one’s heart grow fonder. Going from seeing someone every day to all of the sudden not being able to see them can really be hard. You’ll definitely want to spend quality time with your roomie once you return to campus. 3. The scenery ?? First of all, Champaign has this beautiful thing called Green Street. To put it simply, Green Street is the place to get food, from pizza to pasta to sandwiches to soup to Chinese and so much more! If you want it, this street will most likely have it. However, there are also some other kinds of beautiful places on campus like the Main Quad, Boneyard Creek in the Engineering Quad, and the beautiful, snow-covered buildings. 4. Alma!! Lastly … Alma Mater! She is always welcoming her students back with open arms. It seems like such a small thing right now, but when you’re a student here, you’ll hopefully see the significance behind beautiful Alma. Being home is awesome, but being in Chambana means you’re back on the best campus in the country … and what’s better than that?! Nisha Class of 2022 The first time I visited Illinois, I knew that it was the school for me! I am on the pre-med track, majoring in Psychology in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences.

Do You Still Have to Register for the Draft

The Selective Service System wants you to know that the requirement to register for the draft did not go away with the end of the Vietnam War. Under the law, virtually all male U.S. citizens, and male aliens living in the U.S., who are ages 18 through 25, are required to register with Selective Service. While there is no draft currently in effect, men who are not classified as unfit for military service, disabled men, clergymen, and men who believe themselves to be conscientiously opposed to war must also register. Penalties for Failure to Register for the Draft Men who do not register could be prosecuted and, if convicted, fined up to $250,000 and/or serve up to five years in prison. In addition, men who fail to register with Selective Service before turning age 26, even if not prosecuted, will become ineligible for: Student Financial Aid - including Pell Grants, College Work Study, Guaranteed Student/Plus Loans, and National Direct Student Loans.U.S. Citizenship - if the man first arrived in the U.S. before his 26th birthday.Federal Job Training - The Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA) offers programs that can train young men for jobs in auto mechanics and other skills. This program is only open to those men who register with Selective Service.Federal Jobs - men born after December 31, 1959, must be registered to be eligible for jobs in the Executive Branch of the Federal government and the U.S. Postal Service. In addition, several states have added additional penalties for those who fail to register. You may have read or been told that there is no need to register  because so few people are prosecuted for failing to register. The goal of the Selective Service System is registration, not prosecution. Even though those who fail to register may not be prosecuted they will be denied student financial assistance, federal job training, and most federal employment unless they can provide convincing evidence to the agency providing the benefit they are seeking, that their failure to register was not knowing and willful. Who Does NOT Have to Register for the Draft? Men who are not required to register with Selective Service include;  nonimmigrant aliens in the U.S. on a student, visitor, tourist, or diplomatic visas; men on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces; and cadets and midshipmen in the Service Academies and certain other U.S. military colleges. All other men must register upon reaching age 18 (or before age 26, if entering and taking up residence in the U.S. when already older than 18). What About Women and the Draft? While women officers and enlisted personnel serve with distinction in the U.S. Armed Forces, women have never been subject to Selective Service registration or a military draft in America. On January 1, 2016, the Department of Defense removed all gender-based restrictions on military service, thus allowing women to serve in combat roles. Despite this change, Selective serviced continued to register only men, ages 18 through 25.   However, on February 22, 2019, Senior Judge Gray Miller of the U.S. District Court in Houston, Texas, ruled that the practice of requiring only men to register for the military draft was unconstitutional. Finding that the male-only provision of the Selective Service Act violated the equal protection provisions in the Constitution’s 14th Amendment, Judge Miller stated that while discriminatory treatment of women in the military may have been justified in the past, it longer was. â€Å"If there ever was a time to discuss ‘the place of women in the Armed Services,’ that time has passed,† he wrote, citing the Supreme Court’s  earlier decision in the case of Rostker v. Goldberg. In the 1981 case, the Court ruled that requiring only men to register for the draft did not violate the Constitution since, at that time, only men were eligible to serve in combat. The government is likely to appeal Judge Miller’s ruling to the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals in New Orleans. However, if Miller’s ruling is upheld, one of three things might happen: Women would have to register for the draft under the same rules as men;Selective Service and the draft would be eliminated; orRegistration for Selective service would become voluntary for men and women. Miller, however, delayed final implementation of his ruling until a special commission appointed by Congress to study the issue of the male-only draft issues its final findings due in 2020. As of now, the Selective Service System continues to register men only.   What is the Draft and How Does it Work? The draft is the actual process of calling men between ages 18 - 26 to be inducted to serve in the U.S. military. The draft is typically used only in the event of war or extreme national emergency as determined by the Congress and the president. Should the President and the Congress decide a draft was needed, a classification program would begin. Registrants would be examined to determine suitability for military service, and they would also have ample time to claim exemptions, deferments, or postponements. To be inducted, men would have to meet the physical, mental, and administrative standards established by the military services. Local Boards would meet in every community to determine exemptions and deferments for clergymen, ministerial students, and men who file claims for reclassification as conscientious objectors. Men have not actually been drafted into service since the end of the Vietnam War. How Do You Register? The easiest and fastest way to register with Selective Service is to register online. You can also register by mail using a Selective Service mail-back registration form available at any U.S. Post Office. A man can fill it out, sign (leaving the space for your Social Security Number blank, if you have not yet obtained one), affix postage, and mail it to Selective Service, without the involvement of the postal clerk. Men living overseas may register at any U.S. Embassy or consular office. Many high school students can register at school. More than half the high schools in the United States have a staff member or teacher appointed as a Selective Service Registrar. These individuals help register male high school students. Brief History of the Draft in America Military conscription — commonly called the draft — has been used in six wars: the American Civil War, World War I, World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. The nation’s first peacetime draft began in 1940 with the enactment of the Selective Training and Service Act and ended in 1973 with the end of the Vietnam War. During this period of peace and war, men were drafted in order to maintain necessary troop levels when vacancies in the Armed Forces could not be adequately filled by volunteers. While the draft ended after the Vietnam War when the U.S. moved to the current all-volunteer military, the Selective Service System remains in place if needed to maintain national security. The mandatory registration of all male civilians aged 18 to 25 ensures that the draft can quickly be resumed if needed.

Obesity Project Title Obesity - 10262 Words

Obesity Project Title Sydney Goetz, Dariush Shafa, and Olivia Turner Western Kentucky University Abstract The workplace is responsible for a majority of stress and decrease in sleep in the population and is a prime area to take control of obesity with certain requirements and incentives. Certain socioeconomic status groups can be targeted to decrease their risk of obesity and the stress factors that are included in their lifestyles. Certain stressful demographic areas can be assessed to promote less stressful lifestyles to decrease obesity risk and to educate about the importance of good sleeping patterns. The issue of obesity in America has progressed from beyond troublesome to potentially catastrophic. At the very core of this problem is the fact that education and engagement of the populace (as a whole) are largely lacking and this lack of knowledge is a major contributing factor to the growing problem with obesity. The implications of this chronic health problem are too great to ignore, particularly considering the ways in which the health care system is ill-prepared to handle the f allout of vast segments of the population suffering from this problem and the myriad disease processes with which it is closely associated and interrelated. In order to combat obesity the structures of cities must be transformed to make them more walkable. 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Equilibrium Supply and Demand and Price Free Essays

string(133) " has comparative advantage in X \(gives up 1Y for additional 1X †¦ whereas country A needs to give up 2Y for an additional X\)\." Test Version A SEMESTER I EXAMINATIONS Mid-Term Assessment ECON 30110 Microeconomics II Time Allowed: 50 minutes Instructions for Candidates This exam counts for 30% of the Module Grade. All questions carry equal marks. Note there is NO negative marking Correct answer is worth 1 mark. We will write a custom essay sample on Equilibrium: Supply and Demand and Price or any similar topic only for you Order Now No answer or more than one answer, will both receive a 0 mark. Incorrect answer will receive a 0 mark. Attempt all 20 questions. Shade in the box in the appropriate space with a HB pencil on the RESPONSE SHEET. Write the test version at the top of the RESPONSE SHEET You may use the paper provided to make notes or calculations to help you. Instructions for Invigilators Foreign language/English dictionaries are permitted. Non-Programmable Calculators are permitted NO MOBILE PHONES ALLOWED 1. If two people in a pure exchange economy have identical utility functions, then they: a) may want to trade if their marginal rates of substitution are different b) will want to trade if they are on the contract curve c) will not want to trade if their consumption bundles are not Pareto-efficient d) will only want to trade if they are not at their endowment e) may want to trade if the price ratio is not equal to one nswer a If MRSA is not equal to MRSB, the two consumers will be able to arrange a mutually beneficial trade. Mutually beneficial trade will not occur only when the allocation of resources among A and B is already efficient. In the case of our two-consumer economy, MRSA=MRSB indicates an efficient allocation of goods (on contract curve). 2. Suppose in a two-good (X and Y) two-person (Ann and Bob) exchange economy, the MRS for person A is YA/XA and the MRS for B is YB/XB. The total amount of X is 40 and the total amount of Y is 40. Ann has an initial endowment of 10 units of X and 30 of Y, while Bob has the remainder. This implies: a) No trade will take place. b) Ann will give some of Y to Bob in exchange for X. c) Ann will give some of X to Bob in exchange for Y. d) Ann will give some of X and Y to Bob. e) There is no enough information to make any predictions Answer b: MRSA = 30/10 = 3 Ann will give 3Y for 1X (or 1Y for 1/3X) MRSB = 10/30 = 1/3 †¦. Bob will give 1Y for 3X (or 1X for 1/3Y) Ann will trade Y for X (gives 1Y for min 1/3X and Bob accepts †¦.. n exchange for 1 Y will give up to 3X) 3. An Edgeworth Box is shown for individuals A and B, along with the contract curve. Which of the allocations b through i can be reached through free trade from â€Å"a†, and once they have been reached no further mutually beneficial trade is possible? a) Allocations b, e and f only b) Allocations c, i and f only c) Allocations d, c, i, g and h only d) Allocations c and i only e) None of these Answer: d Given endowment a, only points within the lens shaped area are mutually beneficial, or pareto superior (so points c, i and f). That is to say, any point outside of this lens would result in at least one of the individuals being worse off compared with point a. However, at only the points on the contract curve illustrate outcomes that are pareto efficient – where the indifference curves are just tangent (MRS of A and B are equal). That is to say, pareto efficiency means that no one can be made better off without someone else being made worse off. So all the gains from trade are exhausted and no further mutually beneficial trade is possible. Point f is not on the contract curve, represents a case where MRS of A and B are different, and hence a case where further mutually beneficial trade is possible. ) 4. An Edgeworth Box is shown for individuals A and B. The endowment point E represents the initial allocation of the goods X and Y. A price line is shown passing through points E, A and B, representing a given price ratio of –PX/PY. At this given price ratio, which of the following statements is Tr ue? a) We are at a competitive equilibrium ) To achieve a competitive equilibrium, the price of good Y will rise and/or the price of good X must fall c) To achieve a competitive equilibrium, the price of good X will rise and/or the price of good Y must fall d) To achieve a competitive equilibrium the price of both goods must rise e) We cannot achieve a competitive equilibrium given the initial endowment Answer b At the given price ratio, there is excess demand for Y and excess supply of X. This means that the price of good Y will rise and/or the price of good X must fall. Process continues until all excess demand and supply are eliminated, and IC tangent to each other (on the Contract curve) and to the price line (which will now be flatter. So in the competitive equilibrium all markets clear, MRSA = MRSB = PX/PY. (see lecture overheads) 5. Suppose the production possibilities for two countries, A and B, producing two goods, X and Y, are as follows: | A| B| X| 2| 7| Y| 4| 7| They can each produce any linear combination as well. Measuring X on the horizontal axis, the joint production possibility frontier: a) will kink away from the origin at 7 units of X. ) will kink toward the origin at 7 units of X. c) will kink away from the origin at 2 units of X d) will kink toward the origin at 2 units of X e) will not have a kink answer: a jointly the countries can produce either a total of 9X or 11Y. MRT of A is – 4/ 2= -2 MRT of B is – 7/7 = -1 Country B has comparative advantage in X (gives up 1Y for additional 1X †¦ whereas country A needs to give up 2Y for an additional X). You read "Equilibrium: Supply and Demand and Price" in category "Essay examples" Country A has a comparative advantage in production of Y (gives up 1/2 X for additional 1Y †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ whereas B must give up 1X for additional Y) Jointly then can produce 9 X and 0 Y †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ or 11Y and 0 X. These define the intercepts of the joint PPF. Kink arises where both countries specialise in good in which have a comparative advantage: so B produces only X (i. e. 7X) and A produces only Y (i. e. 4Y) If jointly produce more than 7X then B produces only X, and A both X and Y (with MRT of -2). If jointly produce more than 4Y then A produces 4Y and B both X and Y (with MRT of -1). Hence answer a 6. Competition results in the efficient product mix because: a) the slope of the production possibility frontier will equal the slope of the contract curve. b) the distribution of the final output is Pareto efficient. ) producers are setting MRT equal to minus the price ratio while consumers are setting MRS equal to minus the price ratio ensuring that MRT will equal MRS. d) consumers are on the contract curve e) none of these answer c ( see self assessment sheet 2, Q1, part iv. 7. One test of whether a firm is a profit-maximizing monopoly is to check whether the firm is operating in the elasti c portion of its demand curve. Why is this a relevant test and what would the elasticity be if the firm were maximizing revenue? a) If a firm were operating in the inelastic portion of the demand curve, it could raise its price and increase profit. Revenue is maximized when elasticity equals – 1. b) If a firm were operating in the inelastic portion of the demand curve, it could raise its price and increase profit. Revenue is maximized when elasticity equals 0. c) If a firm were operating in the elastic portion of the demand curve, it could raise its price and increase profit. Revenue is maximized when elasticity equals – 1. d) If a firm were operating in the elastic portion of the demand curve, it could raise its price and increase profit. Revenue is maximized when elasticity equals 0. e) None of these. Answer a see lecture and also self assessment sheet 3, question 1 part (v) for related question) 8. Consider a firm that is the sole producer of a homogeneous product. It faces a market demand function of Q =100 – P , where P is the price of the good, and Q is the quantity of the good demanded. The firm’s costs of production are given by 40Q. The profit maximising price is then given by: a) P = 100 b) P = 60 c) P = 30 d) P = 70 e) None of these solution d: Monopoly. Profits ? = TR-TC Profit max where MR = MC Q = 100 – P and hence P = 100 – Q So TR = 100Q – Q2 So MR = 100 – 2Q TC = 40Q so MC = 40 MR = MC implies 100 – 2Q = 40 Thus Q = 30 Therefore P = 100 – 30 = 70 9. Consider a firm that is the sole producer of a homogeneous product. It faces a market demand function of Q =100 – P , where P is the price of the good, and Q is the quantity of the good demanded. The firm’s costs of production are given by 40Q. Then the firm’s Lerner index is equal to: a) 1/2 b) 3/4 c) 11/7 d) 1 e) None of these Answer e: none of these From previous question, optimal P = 70 Lerner index = (p-c)/p = (70 – 40)/70 = 30 / 70 = 3/7 10. This figure shows the demand and cost curves facing a monopoly. 80 60 40 20 800 600 400 200 0 The deadweight loss of the monopoly is: a) 48000 ) 4000 c) 2000 d) 32000 e) None of these Answer c: Draw in MR curve – cuts horizontal axis at ? Q of demand function, and has same intercept at the D on the vertical axis. MR cuts horizontal axis at Q = 40 Setting MR = MC allows monopolist to charge P = 600 (and output of Q = 20) (note: alternatively, from picture ca n see that expression for demand function is P = 800 – 10Q †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. when Q = 0 then P = 800 †¦.. and slope given by – 800 / 80 = – 10 Hence, TR = 800Q – 10 Q2 and so MR = 800 – 20Q. Set MR = MC we get Q = 20 and substituting into inverse demand we get P = 600) Competitive output occurs where P = MC = 400 and so Q = 40 DWL = area of shaded triangle = ? (600 – 400) * (40 – 20) = 100*20 = 2000 11. Suppose a monopolists price elasticity of demand is –5, and the marginal cost of production equals â‚ ¬80. The monopolist’s profit maximising price is then equal to: a) 75 b) 400 c) 16 d) 100 e) Cannot be computed with the information given Answer d Lerner index = (p-c)/p = 1/e So (p – 80)/p = 1/5 Hence solving for p gives p = 100 12. If the government regulates a natural monopoly by forcing it to set a price equal to Marginal Cost then a) the natural monopoly will still make high profits. b) the natural monopoly will shut down ) the natural monopoly’s marginal cost curve will shift down. d) the natural monopoly’s marginal cost curve will shift up. e) the natural monopoly will earn zero profits answer b. Natural monopoly has MC below AC. So p = MC would mean loss – which would mean exit 13. perfect price discriminating monopolist: a) generates a dea dweight loss to society. b) Provides quantity discounts to customers buying larger quantities c) charges each buyer her reservation price. d) charges different prices to each customer based upon different costs of delivery. e) reduces, but does not eliminate, consumer surplus nswer c see lecture. With perfect price discrimination each consumer charged reservation price, which allows monopolist to fully extract consumer surplus (so CS is zero) and maximises total social welfare (so no deadweight loss) 14. A monopoly sells to two countries, and resales between the countries are impossible. The demand functions of the two countries are given as P1 = 100 – Q1 P2 = 120 – 2Q2 The monopolists marginal cost is â‚ ¬30. The profit maximising monopolist will set prices as follows: a) P1 = 65 and P2 = 75 b) P1 = 35 and P2 = 22. 5 c) P1 = 68. 33 = P2 d) P1 = 100 and P2 = 60 ) None of these Solution a: Profit max monop will choose p1 to max profit in country 1, and choose p2 to m ax profit in country 2. We have two separate demand functions. Hence, this implies MR1 = MC and set MR2 = MC TC = 30Q TR1 = 100Q1 – Q12 MR1 = 100 – 2Q1 = 30 MC Solving: Q1 = 35 And hence P1 = 100 – Q1 = 65 TR2 = 120Q2 – 2Q22 MR2 = 120 – 4Q2 = 30 MC Solving: Q2 = 45/2 = 22 ? And hence P2 = 120 – 2Q2 = 120 – 45 = 75 15. Two firms, A and B, selling identical products face an inverse market demand function given by P = 100 – Q, and each have a constant marginal cost of 40. The firms simultaneously choose quantities to maximise profit. Firm A’s reaction function can then be written as: f) qA = 30 – qB g) qA = 30 + ? qB h) qA = 60 – qB i) qA = 30 – ? qB j) None of these Answer d: DEMAND : P = 100 – Q Two firms in the industry, so Q = qA + qB Hence we can write P =100 – qA – qB Profit function for firm A: = TR – TC = P qA – C Thus, ? A = 100qA – qA2 – qAqB – 40qA Firm A will choose qA to maximise profit, given the qB set by its rival B †¦.. First order condition for profit maximisation then is A / ? qA = 100 –2 qA – qB – 40 = 0 Rearranging, we find qA = (60 – qB) / 2 = 30 – ? qB †¦.. this is firm A’s reaction function †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ in order to maximise it’s profit, firm A will choose and output qA that is a best response to qB †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Identical firms, so similarly qB = 30 – ? qA †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. this is firm B’s reaction function †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ in order to maximise it’s profit, firm B will choose and output qB that is a best response to qA†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 16. Two firms, A and B, selling identical products face an inverse market demand function given by P = 100 – Q, and each have a constant marginal cost of 40. The firms simultaneously choose quantities to maximise profit. The equilibrium outcomes are: k) P = 40 and qA = 30 = qB l) P = 60 and qA = 20 = qB m) P = 70 and qA = 15 = qB n) P = 100 and qA = 20 = qB o) None of these Answer b Solving reaction functions: 1) qA = 30 – ? qB 2) qB = 30 – ? qA Substituting equation (2) into equation (1) we can then solve for the optimal qA that A should choose to maximise profits†¦. qA = 30 – ? (30 – ? qA) qA = 20 Since we have identical firms, we know that similarly we can solve for qB = 20 Market quantity Q = qA+ qA = 40 And we can solve for the market price. Since P = 100 – Q this implies that P = 60 17. In a Bertrand model with differentiated products p) price is independent of marginal cost. q) firms set price at marginal cost. r) firms set price independently of one another. s) firms can set price above marginal cost. t) price may be either equal to or above marginal cost answer d 18. In a homogeneous good Bertrand model, the equilibrium price u) declines with the number of firms in the market v) is independent of the number of firms in the market w) is independent of marginal cost x) is above marginal cost . ) is the same as the monopoly price answer b (note n = 1 implies a monopoly and not an Oligopoly). for n = 2, p = mc †¦.. and for all n;2 price = mc so price does depend upon mc, is equal to mc, and is independent of the number of firms in the market 19. In the long run in a monopolistic competitive market, a) Firms will set P ; MC and produce where P = AC b) Firms will set P ; MC and produce where P ; AC c) Firms set P = MC and produce where P = AC d) Firms set P = MC and produce where P ; AC e) Total Social Welfare is maximised Answer a Have market power: set P ; MC †¦. ut no entry barriers, so in long run all profits are eroded and so P = AC and profits are zero 20. The payoff matrix for two firms, A and B, that must choose between setting a High or Low price strategy is shown as follows: | Firm B| Firm A| | Low| High| | Low| (10 , 10)| (25 , 5)| | High| (5 , 25)| (20,20)| A Nash equilibrium in this game is: a) Both firms set a High price b) Both firms set a Low price c) Firm A sets a Low price and firm B sets a High price d) Firm A sets a High price and firm B sets a Low price e) There is no nash equilibrium in this game Answer b How to cite Equilibrium: Supply and Demand and Price, Essay examples

Tikopia of Melanesia free essay sample

Tikopia of Melanesia Krishawn Smith Ant 101: Introduction to Cultural Anthropology Instructor Shaun Sullivan July 8, 2011 Tikopia of Melanesia is an island of people set in the Polynesia Island chain called the Solomon Islands. The Tikopian Island is at the eastern most point of the chain of islands that sets in the South Pacific, and is set high as most Polynesian Islands, because it set in the remnants of an inactive volcano. The climate is one that is tropical and the island experiences two distinct weather seasons, one characterized by hot and humid days October through March, and the other April through September displays cooler, overcast, and rainy days With a population of approximately 1,200 on the island; there are also people of Tikopia that inhibit other islands in the chain. Although Tikopia is set in Melanesia, it is linguistically and culturally a Polynesian island.As a horticultural society the Tikopian people produce their own foods by cultivating crops and generally fishing, because there are little to no animals on the island. We will write a custom essay sample on Tikopia of Melanesia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Food in this tropical climate yielded lots of vegetation such as: yams, taro, coconut, vegetables and fruit which were yielded in great quantities. The surrounding sea is a good source of food as well; with its abundance of shellfish and fish. Fowl and pigs were raised as well.According to anthropological studies conducted by Raymond Firth, and other anthropologist during the 19th and 20th centuries the social organization, kinship, and cultural and religious beliefs are as important to the distinction of the Tikopian people as the distinction of the several islands that make up Polynesia, Melanesia, Micronesia and the Solomon Islands respective. Tikopias unique culture and ability to be a unadulterated culture in which no western influence was able to penetrate until well after the World War I, and was able to contain its pure influence that is contained in itself.The following is a brief overview of the structure of the Tikopian culture and the general way of life. â€Å"The Tikopians are distributed into 21 villages located along the coastline. No particular settlement pattern characterizes these villages, nor are there any village headmen. Village households are most frequently composed of a single nuclear family, but households comprising extended families or nuclear families plus other kin are also common. The village is an important unit in cooperative economic activities.The 21 villages are divided into two major social-geographical districts, named Ravenga, and Faea. Relations between villages of the same district are characterized by mutual interest and cooperation for the most part. In contrast, relations between villages of different districts are marked by rivalry and hostility. Village and district distinctions are cross-cut by a system of four principal kin groups, which Firth (1936, 1959) calls patrilineal clans. The clans are further segmented into patrilineages. Clans are not localized; each has members in both districts and in many or most of the villages. But nearly every village has a preponderance of households of one clan, which is the politically and ritually dominant group in that village. Integrated with this system of kin and local groups is a strongly developed status system, which, when expressed in a political form, constitutes a rank structure with chiefs at its apex. Patrilineages are headed by chiefs (maru), who are usually the most senior men in the direct lines of descent from the lineage ancestors.Lineage heads have important political, ritual, and economic functions, but more important are the clan chiefs (ariki). Succession to these offices is determined by primogeniture and direct descent from the common clan ancestor. Clan chiefs are the traditional political and ritual leaders of the clan; they theoretically own all the land, are key figures in production and distribution, and major agents of social control. Each chief has two sets of advisors, one for each ritual and secular affairs.As a result of missionary activities, the Tikopians have become Christianized, and ritual advisors are no longer important. Although the clans are hierarchically ranked, the chief of the highest ranked clan should be considered as first among equals, rather than as a true paramount chief. Tikopian marriages are prohibited among relatives of the first degree of relationship according to their classificatory kin reckoning. Neither lineages nor clans function as exogamous units.People are divided into two classes, the chiefly class and the commoner class, according to lines of descent. Until recently, there was a preference for intra-class marriages, although this was not rigorously enforced. Polygyny is practiced, but monogamy is the prevalent form of marriage. Despite occasional separations of married couples, the Tikopians have no formal mechanisms for divorce. Delayed age of marriage for males, infanticide, and abortion are among the Tikopian practices that have traditionally functioned to control their population. The aboriginal Tikopian religious system was oriented around rituals for various ancestors and gods, with the aim of obtaining such ends as favorable weather, crop productivity, success in fishing, and the curing of illness. The most important mediators between the Tikopians and the supernaturals were the clan chiefs, or ariki. An ariki was thought to derive his religious powers (manu) from the gods, and he served as a priest in important rituals involving joint participation of the Tikopian clans as well as the ritual for his own clan. In addition, each lineage in a clan had a ritual elder (matapure or pure matua), appointed by the ariki, who dealt with lineage ritual (Firth 1970). Because of its remote and isolated location, Tikopia had few contacts with outside groups until well into the twentieth century. Tikopians occasionally visited other islands, but these trips were limited by the large distances and great hazards involved in canoe ocean voyages. Contacts by Westerners bega n sporadically around the beginning of the nineteenth century, but in 1927, when Firth did his initial fieldwork in Tikopia, the indigenous culture was largely intact. The major contact agents were, first, missionaries and, later, labor recruiters. By the 1950s, all the Tikopians had become Christianized, and most of the native ritual practices had ceased. Much of the Tikopian life style has remained intact, but the forces of Westernization have been making inroads throughout the twentieth century. Raymond Firth is the major authority on Tikopian ethnography, having spent 12 months in 1928-29, ca. 5 months in 1952 and a short time in 1966 on the island.The only study of Tikopia previous to Firths was made in 1910 by the Reverend W. J. Durrad, based on a stay of 2 months. † Tikopias natural ability to be a self contained, self governed island culture that has been able to avoid the homogenization of Western influence until recent time shows that the subsistence in agriculture and the ability to control population , and patrilineal kinship lineages are cultural tradition that allow them to be one of the oldest civilization known to existence. References: